Heart Failure (HF) Simplified Overview for Patients

What is Heart Failure?

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump blood effectively to meet the body’s needs. It can result in fluid buildup in the lungs, legs, or abdomen, causing symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.

Types of Heart Failure

1. Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

• The heart contracts poorly and pumps out less blood than normal.

• Ejection fraction (amount of blood pumped out with each beat) is reduced.

2. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

• The heart pumps normally but does not fill properly due to stiffness.

3. Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF)

• Falls between reduced and preserved ejection fraction.

Common Symptoms

• Shortness of breath (especially during activity or lying down).

• Fatigue and weakness.

• Swelling in legs, ankles, or abdomen.

• Rapid weight gain from fluid retention.

• Persistent coughing or wheezing.

What Causes Heart Failure?

• Heart-related conditions:

• Coronary artery disease (blockages in heart arteries).

• High blood pressure.

• Heart valve problems.

• Irregular heart rhythms.

• Other conditions:

• Diabetes.

• Obesity.

• Thyroid disorders.

• Long-term alcohol use.

Diagnosis

Doctors use the following tests:

1. Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound): Measures heart function.

2. Chest X-ray: Checks for fluid buildup or enlarged heart.

3. ECG: Monitors heart rhythm.

4. Blood tests: Detects markers like BNP (linked to heart failure).

Treatment Options

1. Lifestyle Changes:

• Limit salt and avoid smoking/alcohol.

• Exercise as advised by your doctor.

• Monitor weight daily to catch fluid retention early.

2. Medications:

• Diuretics to reduce fluid buildup.

• ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers to improve heart function.

3. Devices and Surgery:

• Pacemakers or defibrillators to regulate heart rhythm.

• Valve repair or replacement for heart valve issues.

4. Heart Transplant:

• For severe, untreatable cases.

Prevention Tips

• Manage conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes.

• Eat a heart-healthy diet.

• Exercise regularly.

• Avoid excess salt and alcohol.

Key Takeaways

• Heart failure is a chronic condition, but with the right care, symptoms can improve, and quality of life can be maintained.

• Early diagnosis and treatment are essential.

• Work closely with your healthcare team to stay on track with medications and lifestyle changes.

If you experience symptoms, speak with your doctor for proper evaluation and care. 💙